Keeper of Stories

October 26, 2009

Flood

Filed under: Ojibwa — Tags: , — bluepanther @ 7:57 am

In the beginning, when spirit beings still lived among people, Manabozho was the protector of the human race. He was the son of an earthly woman and the Great Spirit, Manitou. Manabozho taught the people how to hunt and catch fish, how to plant crops, and how to make sugar from the sap of the maple tree. He shared with them the secret of fire so they could prepare hot meals and warm themselves on cold nights.

Manabozho lived in a lodge with his young cousin, whom he treated as a son. One day Manabozho returned home from a long journey to find his beloved cousin missing. He called out the little boy’s name but received no answer. So Manabozho went outside to look for the boy There he discovered the trail of his enemy, the Great Serpent, and realized that the giant snake had kidnapped the boy Manabozho grabbed his bow and arrow and followed the trail. It led him across several high mountains and steep valleys, over a fast- moving river, and through a dark forest. At last it brought him to the edge of a deep, gloomy lake.

At the bottom of the lake dwelled the Great Serpent with his many companions and servants. All were terrible monsters with evil sprits and snakelike forms. They obeyed the Great Serpent without hesitation. Manabozho peered into the water, and in the middle of all the vile creatures he spied the Great Serpent The serpent’s immense head was blood-red in color with fierce eyes of blazing fire Hard, glistening scales of every shade covered his body To Manabozho’s horror he saw that the serpent’s massive form was coiled around the lifeless body of the precious young boy.

In sadness and anger, Manabozho vowed revenge. He decided to make the lake so hot that the Great Serpent and his ruthless companions could not remain. They would be forced to find shelter in the cool shade of the trees growing on the lake bank. There Manabozho would dispense his own justice.

Manabozho asked the clouds to vanish from the sky the winds to cease their cooling breeze and the sun to shine unremittingly on the lake. Manabozho then picked up his bow and arrow and found the coolest, shadiest patch of forest, knowing that this was where the Great Serpent would come. Manabozho then transformed himself into a broken stump so the evil spirits would not detect his presence.

Soon the winds stopped blowing, the clouds disappeared, and the sun beat down relentlessly on the lake. The water became warm, and then hot. When it began to steam and hiss the vile creatures poked their heads above the surface and scanned the shore. Sensing a trap, they searched for signs of Manabozho and listened for his footsteps. But they found no trace of him.

The heat became too much for the Great Serpent to tolerate. Slowly he emerged from the lake’s depths. His blood-red head shimmered a deep crimson, and the fire in his eyes burned white-hot. Had he been capable of spitting fire, flames surely would have leapt from his mouth. As he slithered onto the banks of the lake, his cronies trailed after him, filling the shore with their foul-smelling hulks. When the creatures spied the broken trunk, they immediately suspected that it was Manabozho. So one of them wrapped its body around the stump and tried to uproot it. But Manabozho held on fast. After a few minutes the creatures gave up and slunk away to find shady places to rest.

The Great Serpent slipped into the forest and looped his gargantuan body around several majestic trees. Soon he and his companions fell fast asleep, leaving one particularly savage fiend on the lookout for Manabozho.

When the guard was looking the other way Manabozho silently picked up his bow and arrow and carefully took aim. Then he shot the Great Serpent in the heart. The serpent awoke with an ear-splitting shriek.

His face contorted in pain, the Great Serpent dragged his wounded body back into the lake, where his worried companions joined him.

When the serpent realized that he had been mortally wounded, he and his cohorts vented their rage on Manabozho. They forced the lake to expand and rise from its depth. In giant waves, the water cascaded over the banks and poured onto the forest floor.

Writhing in agony the Great Serpent rode the crest of the first mighty wave. The color had drained from his head and scales, but his eyes still burned like fiery coals. Alongside the serpent raced his loyal followers, hissing loudly vowing vengeance.

Retreating from the onslaught, Manabozho thought of the men, women, and children who lived in the countryside. He also thought of the spirit beings, like Beaver, Otter, and Muskrat, who lived among the humans. Quickly Manabozho raced to their villages and warned everyone to flee to the mountains. As the people and spirit beings fled, water filled the valleys and swallowed the highest hills. Now it clawed at the sides of the mountains, and Manabozho urged everyone to climb higher.

The water rose higher still. Soon it gobbled up every mountain except for the highest one, where Manabozho stood surrounded by desperate people and spirit beings. Manabozho hastily gathered up trees and lashed them together to form an enormous raft. Just as the floodwaters licked the mountaintop, Manabozho guided the last of the people and spirit beings onto the raft.

For a week, Manabozho and his charges floated alone on the water. The people begged him to disperse the water and renew the Earth. But to repair the world, Manabozho first needed a few grains of earth from beneath the floodwaters.

Beaver volunteered to dive to the bottom of the floodwaters and retrieve some earth. Although she was warned of the danger, she dove into the deluge. As the minutes and then hours passed with no sign of Beaver, the anxious people realized that she could not have survived her mission. Her body eventually floated to the surface, and the people opened her paws. There was no earth inside them.

Next Otter offered to try. He plunged into the murky waters and was gone longer than Beaver. At first when his body resurfaced, the people thought he had survived. But like Beaver, Otter had perished, and there was no earth in his paws.

The people were becoming desperate. Who could save them? Finally Muskrat stepped forward. He took a deep breath before diving into the water and disappeared for an even longer period than Otter. The people thought he would never return.

Suddenly someone spotted a speck in the water. Slowly it moved closer to the raft. It was Muskrat, so tired he could barely swim. The people pulled him aboard, where he gave one final gasp and died from exhaustion. Inside his paw Muskrat grasped a few clumps of earth.

Manabozho took the precious grains and laid them out in the sun. When they were dry, he pulverized them into tiny bits of dust and blew the dust over the water.

Instantly the floodwaters began to subside, and soon the mountains appeared and then the hills and the valleys. The newly emerged land showed no trace of the flood except for a thick layer of mud, which was the dust that Manabozho had blown over the water.

And the evil spirits? Although their master, the Great Serpent, had died from his wound, his followers returned to the bottom of the lake. They were so frightened of Manabozho they never dared to leave their home again.

Chippeway-Ojibwa
Minnesota, Wisconsin, and the Province of Ontario
Retold in the book Weather Legends – Native American Lore and the Science of Weather by Carole Garbuny Vogel

September 1, 2009

Father of Indian Corn

Filed under: Ojibwa — Tags: , , , — bluepanther @ 5:03 pm

In the long, long ago, a poor Ojibwa Indian lived with his wife and children in a remote part of the present state of Wisconsin. Because he was such a poor hunter, he was not very expert in providing food and supplies for his family.

His children were too young to give him much help. But he was a good man with a kind and contented disposition. He always was thankful to Chief of the Sky Spirits for everything he received to share with his family. His good disposition was inherited by his eldest son, who had just reached the age when he wanted to pursue his Guardian Spirit Quest. Each young Indian boy looked forward to the time of finding the secret Spirit that would be his guide through his life. Each boy sought to learn his spirit name and what special power would be given him by his Guardian Spirit.

Eldest son had been obedient since early childhood. He seemed pensive, thoughtful of others, mild in manner, and always a joy to his family and to his tribe. At the first indication of spring, tradition told him to build a hut somewhere in an isolated place. There, he would not be disturbed during his dream quest. He prepared his hut and himself and went immediately to begin his fast for seven days. For the first few days, he amused himself walking in the woods and over the mountain trails. He examined trees, plants, and flowers. This kind of physical effort in the outdoors prepared him for a night of sound sleep. His observations of the day filled his mind with pleasant ideas and dreams.

More and more he desired to know how the trees, plants, flowers, and berries grew. Seemingly they grew wild without much help from the Indians. He wondered why some species were good to eat, while others contained poisonous juices. These thoughts came back to him many times as he retreated to his lodge at night. He secretly wished for a dream that would reveal what he could do to benefit his family and his tribe. “I believe the Chief of Sky Spirits guides all things and it is to him I owe all things,” he thought to himself. “I wonder if Chief Sky Spirit can make it easier for all Indians to acquire enough food without hunting animals every day to eat.”

“I must try to find a way in my dreams,” he pondered. He stayed on his bed the third day of fasting, because he felt weak and faint. Sometimes he thought that he was going to die. He dreamed that he saw a strong, handsome young man coming down from the sky, advancing toward him. He was richly dressed in green and yellow colors. He wore a plume of waving feathers on his head. His every movement was graceful. “I have been sent to you,” said the sky-visitor. “The Sky Chief who made all things in the sky and upon the earth intends for me to be your Guardian Spirit and I have come to test you. “Sky Chief has observed all that you have done to prepare yourself for your Quest. He understands the kind and worthy secret wish of your heart. He knows that you desire a way to benefit your family and your tribe. He is pleased that you do not seek strength to make war. I have come to show you how to obtain your greatest wish. First, your spirit name shall be Wunzh.”

The stranger then told Wunzh to arise and wrestle with him. This was the only way for him to achieve his sacred wish. As weak as he was from fasting, Wunzh wondered how he could ever wrestle the stranger. He rose to the challenge–determined in his heart to die in the effort if he must. The two wrestled. After some time when Wunzh felt nearly exhausted, the Sky Stranger said, “It is enough for today. I will come in tomorrow to test you some more.” Smiling, the visitor ascended in the same direction from which he came.

Next day at the same time, the stranger appeared. Again the two wrestled. While Wunzh felt weaker than the day before, he set his mind and heart to his task. His courage seemed to increase, however, in reverse proportion to his waning physical strength. The stranger stopped just in time before Wunzh dropped to the ground. “Tomorrow will be your last chance. I urge you to be strong, my friend, as this is the only way for you to achieve your heart’s sacred wish,” said the sky-visitor.

Wunzh took to his bed with his last ounce of energy. He prayed to the Sky Chief for wisdom and enough strength to endure to the end of his Quest.

The third time they wrestled, Wunzh was so weak that his arms and legs felt like rubber. But his inner determination drove him forward with the kind of endurance necessary to win. The same length of time passed as in the first two wrestling bouts. Suddenly the stranger stopped and declared himself conquered by Wunzh!

Then the sky-visitor entered the lodge for the first time. He sat down beside Wunzh to instruct him in the way he should now proceed to achieve his secret wish.

“Great Sky Chief has granted your desire. You have wrestled manfully. Tomorrow will be your seventh day of fasting. Your father will come to see you and bring you food. As it is the last day of your fast, you will be able to succeed.

“Now I will tell you what you must do to achieve your final victory. Tomorrow we will wrestle once more. When you have prevailed over me for the last time, then throw me down and strip off my clothes. You must clean the earth of roots and weeds and make the ground soft. Then bury me in that very spot, covering me with my yellow and green clothes and then with earth.

“When you have done this, leave my body in the earth. Do not disturb it. Come occasionally to see if I have come to life. Be careful to see that no grass or weeds cover my grave. Once a month, cover me with fresh earth. If you follow what I have told you, you will succeed in your Guardian Spirit Quest. You will help your family and all the Indians by teaching them what I have now taught you,” the Sky Stranger concluded as they shook hands and the visitor left.

On the seventh morning, Wunzh’s father came with some food. “My son, how do you feel? You have fasted long enough. It is seven days since you have eaten food. You must not sacrifice your life. The Great Spirit does not require that of you.”

“My father, thank you for coming and for the food. Let me stay here alone until the sun goes down. I have my own special reasons.” “Very well. I shall wait for you at home until the hour of the setting sun,” replied the father as he departed.

The Sky Stranger returned at the same hour as before. The final wrestling match began. Wunzh had not eaten the food his father brought. But already he felt a new inner power that had somehow been given to him. Was it Spirit Power from his Guardian Spirit? Wunzh grasped his opponent with supernatural strength and threw him to the ground. Wunzh removed the beautiful clothes and the plume. Then he discovered his friend was dead.

He remembered the instructions in every detail and buried his Guardian Spirit on the very spot where he had fallen. Wunzh followed every direction minutely, believing his friend would come to life again, Wunzh returned to his father’s lodge at sundown. He ate sparingly of the meal his mother prepared for him. Never for a moment could he forget the grave of his friend. Throughout the spring and into summer he visited the grave regularly. He carefully kept the area clean of grass and weeds. He carefully kept the ground soft and pliable. Soon he saw the tops of green plumes emerging through the earth. He noticed that the more care he gave the plants, the faster the green plumes seemed to grow.

Wunzh concealed his activity from his father. Days and weeks passed. Summer was drawing to a close. Then one day, Wunzh invited his father to follow him to the site of his Quest. He showed his father the graceful-looking plants growing there. They were topped with yellow silken hair and waving green plumes. Gold and green clusters of fruit adorned each side of the stalks.

“Father, these plants are from my dream friend,” explained Wunzh. “He is my Guardian Spirit, a friend to all mankind, named Mon-daw-min, meaning ‘corn for all Indians.’ This is the answer to my Quest, my secret heart’s wish. No longer will we need to hunt animals every day for our food. As long as we take care of our corn gift, the earth will give us good food for our living.”

Wunzh pulled off the first ear of corn and give it to his father. “See, my father. This corn is what I fasted for. The Chief of Sky Spirits has granted my Quest. He has sent us this wonderful new food of corn. From now on our people need not depend entirely upon hunting and fishing to survive.”

Wunzh talked with his father, giving him all of the instructions he had received from his Guardian Spirit. He showed his father how the corn husks should be pulled off the stalks, and how the first seed must be saved for future plantings. He explained how the ears of corn should be held before the fire only long enough for the outer leaves to turn brown, so that the inside kernels remained sweet and juicy. The entire family gathered for Wunzh’s feast of corn. The father led a prayer of thanksgiving for the bountiful and good gift from the Chief of Sky Spirits. Wunzh felt happy that his Guardian Spirit Quest was successfully completed.

This is how Wunzh became known as the father of Indian corn by the Chippewa and Ojibwa Indian tribes.

http://www.indians.org/welker/fathcorn.htm

July 23, 2009

Dreamcatcher Origin Story

Filed under: Ojibwa — Tags: , , , — bluepanther @ 3:41 pm

Long ago in the ancient world of the Ojibwe Nation, the Clans were all located in one general area of that place known as Turtle Island. This is the way that the old Ojibwe storytellers say how Asibikaashi (Spider Woman) helped Wanabozhoo bring giizis (sun) back to the people. To this day, Asibikaashi will build her special lodge before dawn. If you are awake at dawn, as you should be, look for her lodge and you will see this miracle of how she captured the sunrise as the light sparkles on the dew which is gathered there.

Asibikaasi took care of her children, the people of the land, and she continues to do so to this day. When the Ojibwe Nation dispersed to the four corners of North America, to fill a prophecy, Asibikaashi had a difficult time making her journey to all those cradle boards, so the mothers, sisters and Nokomis (grandmothers) took up the practice of weaving the magical webs for the new babies using willow hoops and sinew or cordage made from plants. It is in the shape of a circle to represent how giizis travels each day across the sky.

The dream catcher will filter out all the bad bawedjigewin (dreams) and allow only good thoughts to enter into our minds when we are just abinooji.

You will see a small hole in the center of each dream catcher where those good bawadjige may come through. With the first rays of sunlight, the bad dreams would perish. When we see little asibikaashi, we should not fear her, but instead respect and protect her. In honor of their origin, the number of points where the web connected to the hoop numbered eight for Spider Woman’s eight legs or seven for the Seven Prophecies.

It was traditional to put a feather in the center of the dream catcher; it means breath, or air. It is essential for life. A baby watching the air playing with the feather on her cradleboard was entertained while also being given a lesson on the importance of good air. This lesson comes forward in the way that the feather of the owl is kept for wisdom (a woman’s feather) and the eagle feather is kept for courage (a man’s feather). This is not to say that the use of each is restricted by gender, but that to use the feather each is aware of the gender properties she/he is invoking. The use of gem stones, as we do in the ones we make for sale, is not something that was done by the old ones. Government laws have forbidden the sale of feathers from our sacred birds, so using four gem stones, to represent the four directions, and the stones used by western nations were substituted by us. The woven dream catchers of adults do not use feathers.

Dream catchers made of willow and sinew are for children, and they are not meant to last. Eventually the willow dries out and the tension of the sinew collapses the dream catcher. That’s supposed to happen. It belies the temporary-ness of youth. Adults should use dream catchers of woven fiber which is made up to reflect their adult “dreams.” It is also customary in many parts of Canada and the Northeastern U.S. to have the dream catchers be a tear-drop/snow shoe shape.

The above story is a combination of information gathered by Lyn Dearborn from California, and Mary Ritchie of the Northern Woodlands, with assistance from Canadian elders. Miigwetch.

June 16, 2009

Crow-Head

Filed under: Ojibwa — Tags: , , , — bluepanther @ 6:01 pm

Soon After Crow-Head’s birth, his father died. Crow-Head knew nothing about him. Once the other Indians were fishing, and there were several medicine men among them. It was in the evening, and the setting sun presented a bloodshot appearance. One medicine man pointed at it and asked the boy, “Do you see that red sky? That is your father’s blood.” This made Crow-head suspect that one of the medicine men had killed his father. He went home, where he was living with his grandmother, and began to cry. “Why are you crying?” “I heard those men talking about my father.” “There is no use crying, you will be a man some day.” The next day the people were fishing. Crow-head punched a hole in the ice and began angling with a hook. The Indians caught nothing, only Crow-head caught a large trout. He pulled out its soft parts, and hid the bones under his deerskin capote. He started towards the medicine man who had killed his father, pulled out the fish spine, and broke it over him. When the people went home that evening, they missed the medicine man. They did not know what was the matter with him. One man went out and found him lying dead by his fishing rod. This was the first time Crow-head ever killed anyone. By breaking the fish spine, he had broken that of his enemy and thus killed him.

Crow-head was living with a little orphan, whom he called his grandchild. He used to wear a crow-skin cape, which warned him of the approach of enemies and constituted his medicine. Two girls in the camp once made fun of his crow-skin garment. Crow-head was displeased and said to his grandson, “We will make a birch bark canoe and leave.” In a coulee they found fine birch bark. Some Indians from the rocks on either side pelted them with snowballs. “Some bad Indians are pelting us with snow,” said the orphan. “That’s nothing,” replied Crow-head. They took the bark for the canoe and returned. In the meantime the bad Indians, who were Cree, had killed all the Chipewyan. Crow-head piled all the corpses together in a heap. He was- a great medicine man. He began to make a canoe. Worms began to come to the corpses. Then he took his crow-skin, laid it on the dead bodies, and told the boy not to wake him until the next day at noon. While he was sleeping, worms crawled into his nose, ears, and mouth.

Crow-head woke up and started off in his canoe. In the Barren Grounds he made many small lodges, and with his medicine declared that all the dead should be in those lodges. He left and lay down on the worms. The people all came to life again, and nothing remained in place of their corpses save then- rotten garments. The Cree started homewards, but Crow-head, lying on the maggots, caused them by his magic to return to the same place. The little boy cried, thinking his grandfather was dead. He pushed the old man, but Crow-head pretended to be dead. At last, the boy pulled him by his beard, then Crow-head awoke and beheld the Cree. The Cree was surprised to get back to their starting point and, seeing the two survivors, decided to kill them also. Crow-head rose, walked to the river, shaved off the bark of a rotten birch, made peep-holes in the tree, hid the boy in the hollow, and ordered him to watch.

Crow-head was a dwarf. He went to the river with the crow-skin on his back and a blanket over it, pretending to mourn his lost relatives. The Cree, thinking he was but a child, said, “There is no use killing a child like that with a pointed arrow.” So they shot at him with blunt points, but all the arrows grazed off. Then they pulled ashore, and Crow-Head fled to the brush, pursued by the enemy. When far from the canoes, he threw off his blanket, took a deer horn which he carried for a weapon, and ran among the enemy, breaking each man’s right arm and left leg. Then they said, “This is Crow-head.” They retreated towards their canoes, but Crow-head smashed every one of them. Then he summoned his grandson from his hiding place. The Cree had spears, and Crow-head told the boy to take them and kill their enemies. The boy did as he was bidden. The Cree said to the boy, “If it were only you, you could not do this to us.” And they made a “crooked finger” at him.

Crow-head left his grandson. He was gone for many days. The boy cried, not knowing what was the matter. Up the river he heard waves beating against the bank. Going thither, he found his grandfather washing himself. Crow-head asked the boy, “What are you crying for?” “I thought you were lost.” “There is no use crying, all our people are alive again.” They started to join the resuscitated Indians. They heard some one playing ball, laughing and singing. Putting ashore, they heard the noise of crying. They went into a lodge and asked what the crying was about. “Two friends of ours are lost, they have been killed by the Cree.” Then they recognized Crow-head and his grandson.

The two girls who made fun of Crow-head’s crow-skin were not restored to life by him.

Late in the fall, when the Chipewyan were going to a lake to fish and it was commencing to freeze, two boys came running and told the people that two giants taller than pine trees had killed all their friends. The Chipewyan were camping on the edge of a big lake. None of them slept that night for fear of the giants. The next morning the giants were seen approaching. Crow-head said, “There is no use in running away, they will kill me first.” He put on his crow-skin and went towards them on the ice. The first giant wished to seize him, and with long fingers shaped like bear claws he tore Crow-head’s crow feathers. The giants fought for the possession of Crow-head, each wishing to eat him up. Crow-head hit both of them with his deer horn, and killed them. He walked homeward. He was so angry that he could neither speak nor sleep. His eyes were like fire. He went to the lake and, beginning at one point, he commenced to hammer along the edge until he got back to his starting place. There he fell dead, for his heart was under the nail of his little finger and by hammering the ice he had injured it.

Taken from American Museum of Natural History, Anthropological Papers, Volume X, pages 175-177.

June 9, 2009

Creation Story

Filed under: Ojibwa — Tags: , , , — bluepanther @ 5:04 pm

In the beginning before there were people, before there were animals a lone woman lived in a cave. She lived on the roots and berries of the plants. One night a magical dog crept into her cave and stretched out on the her bed beside her. As the night grew long the dog began to change. His body became smooth and almost hairless. His limbs grew long and straight. His features changed into those of a handsome warrior. Nine months later the woman birthed a child. He was the first Chippewa male and through him came the Chippewa peoples.

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